Back to Biblical Feasts
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The Jubilee Cycle
Calendar Principles
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 26 23h:44m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 26 9h:53m
The Year is 4166 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 3/23/ 26 SAB
Passover 3/24/ 26 SUN Julday: 1730637
Last High Sabbath 3/30/ 26 SAB Julday: 1730643
Pentecost 5/13/ 26 MON Julday: 1730687
Trumpets 9/ 2/ 26 MON Julday: 1730799
Day of Atonement 9/11/ 26 WED Julday: 1730808
Tabernacles 9/16/ 26 MON Julday: 1730813
Last High Sabbath 9/23/ 26 MON Julday: 1730820
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) SAB 3/ 9/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730622.15
2. ZIV (Iyyar) SUN 4/ 7/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730651.17
3. Sivan MON 5/ 6/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730680.18
4. Shoshana TUE 6/ 4/ 26 30 days Jul: 1730709.19
5. Av THR 7/ 4/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730739.20
6. Elul FRI 8/ 2/ 26 30 days Jul: 1730768.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) SUN 9/ 1/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730798.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) MON 9/30/ 26 30 days Jul: 1730827.15
9. Kislev WED 10/30/ 26 30 days Jul: 1730857.12
10. Tebeth FRI 11/29/ 26 30 days Jul: 1730887.11
11. Shebat SUN 12/29/ 26 29 days Jul: 1730917.12
12. Adar MON 1/27/ 27 30 days Jul: 1730946.13
13. Adar II WED 2/26/ 27 29 days Jul: 1730976.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 24.2 AV: 22.8 AN: 4.5 D: 18.3 PR: -0.5 AMBpr
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 20.3 AV: 18.5 AN: 7.1 D: 11.3 PR: -6.3
3. Sivan AL: 16.7 AV: 13.8 AN: 7.1 D: 6.7 PR: <7
4. Shoshana AL: 12.9 AV: 8.7 AN: 8.4 D: 0.4 PR: S>M
5. Av AL: 21.7 AV: 15.3 AN: 6.2 D: 9.1 PR: -6.4
6. Elul AL: 15.8 AV: 10.5 AN: 7.4 D: 3.1 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 21.5 AV: 14.6 AN: 6.3 D: 8.3 PR: -3.5
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 13.7 AV: 10.7 AN: 8.1 D: 2.6 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 16.1 AV: 12.8 AN: 7.3 D: 5.5 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 17.5 AV: 14.3 AN: 6.8 D: 7.5 PR: -3.9
11. Shebat AL: 19.3 AV: 16.4 AN: 6.2 D: 10.2 PR: -2.9
12. Adar AL: 11.3 AV: 10.1 AN: 8.9 D: 1.2 PR: S>M
13. Adar II AL: 16.6 AV: 15.0 AN: 7.1 D: 7.9 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/ 9/ 26 UT: 15h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:42m DT: 2.496
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/ 7/ 26 UT: 16h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 0m DT: 2.496
3. Sivan 5/ 6/ 26 UT: 16h:17m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:17m DT: 2.496
4. Shoshana 6/ 4/ 26 UT: 16h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:35m DT: 2.495
5. Av 7/ 4/ 26 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 2.495
6. Elul 8/ 2/ 26 UT: 16h:34m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:34m DT: 2.495
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/ 1/ 26 UT: 16h: 5m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 5m DT: 2.495
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 9/30/ 26 UT: 15h:29m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:29m DT: 2.494
9. Kislev 10/30/ 26 UT: 14h:55m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:55m DT: 2.494
10. Tebeth 11/29/ 26 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.494
11. Shebat 12/29/ 26 UT: 14h:47m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:47m DT: 2.494
12. Adar 1/27/ 27 UT: 15h:10m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:10m DT: 2.493
13. Adar II 2/26/ 27 UT: 15h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:35m DT: 2.493
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/23/ 27 5h:30m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 27 15h:43m
The Year is 4167 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/10/ 27 THR
Passover 4/11/ 27 FRI Julday: 1731020
Last High Sabbath 4/17/ 27 THR Julday: 1731026
Pentecost 5/31/ 27 SAB Julday: 1731070
Trumpets 9/21/ 27 SUN Julday: 1731183
Day of Atonement 9/30/ 27 TUE Julday: 1731192
Tabernacles 10/ 5/ 27 SUN Julday: 1731197
Last High Sabbath 10/12/ 27 SUN Julday: 1731204
Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) THR 3/27/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731005.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) SAB 4/26/ 27 29 days Jul: 1731035.17
3. Sivan SUN 5/25/ 27 29 days Jul: 1731064.19
4. Shoshana MON 6/23/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731093.20
5. Av WED 7/23/ 27 29 days Jul: 1731123.20
6. Elul THR 8/21/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731152.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) SAB 9/20/ 27 29 days Jul: 1731182.15
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SUN 10/19/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731211.13
9. Kislev TUE 11/18/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731241.11
10. Tebeth THR 12/18/ 27 30 days Jul: 1731271.11
11. Shebat SAB 1/17/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731301.13
12. Adar SUN 2/15/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731330.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 11.6 AV: 9.6 AN: 8.8 D: 0.9 PR: S>M
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 20.1 AV: 17.8 AN: 7.2 D: 10.6 PR: -6.2
3. Sivan AL: 16.3 AV: 13.2 AN: 7.2 D: 6.0 PR: S>M
4. Shoshana AL: 12.4 AV: 8.9 AN: 8.5 D: 0.4 PR: S>M
5. Av AL: 22.2 AV: 16.2 AN: 5.9 D: 10.3 PR: -5.1
6. Elul AL: 16.9 AV: 12.4 AN: 7.0 D: 5.4 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 23.4 AV: 16.4 AN: 5.0 D: 11.3 PR: -1.0
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 15.5 AV: 12.0 AN: 7.5 D: 4.5 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 18.1 AV: 13.6 AN: 6.6 D: 6.9 PR: -4.4
10. Tebeth AL: 19.8 AV: 15.4 AN: 6.1 D: 9.3 PR: -3.2
11. Shebat AL: 21.9 AV: 18.4 AN: 6.1 D: 12.3 PR: -1.1
12. Adar AL: 14.1 AV: 12.0 AN: 8.0 D: 4.1 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/27/ 27 UT: 15h:53m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:53m DT: 2.493
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/26/ 27 UT: 16h:11m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:11m DT: 2.493
3. Sivan 5/25/ 27 UT: 16h:29m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:29m DT: 2.492
4. Shoshana 6/23/ 27 UT: 16h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:43m DT: 2.492
5. Av 7/23/ 27 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 2.492
6. Elul 8/21/ 27 UT: 16h:18m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:18m DT: 2.492
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/20/ 27 UT: 15h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:42m DT: 2.491
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/19/ 27 UT: 15h: 6m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 6m DT: 2.491
9. Kislev 11/18/ 27 UT: 14h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:42m DT: 2.491
10. Tebeth 12/18/ 27 UT: 14h:41m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:41m DT: 2.491
11. Shebat 1/17/ 28 UT: 15h: 1m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 1m DT: 2.490
12. Adar 2/15/ 28 UT: 15h:26m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:26m DT: 2.490
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 28 11h:16m
Fall Equinox: 9/24/ 28 21h:34m
The Year is 4168 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 3/30/ 28 TUE
Passover 3/31/ 28 WED Julday: 1731375
Last High Sabbath 4/ 6/ 28 TUE Julday: 1731381
Pentecost 5/20/ 28 THR Julday: 1731425
Trumpets 9/ 9/ 28 THR Julday: 1731537
Day of Atonement 9/18/ 28 SAB Julday: 1731546
Tabernacles 9/23/ 28 THR Julday: 1731551
Last High Sabbath 9/30/ 28 THR Julday: 1731558
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) TUE 3/16/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731360.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) WED 4/14/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731389.17
3. Sivan FRI 5/14/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731419.18
4. Shoshana SAB 6/12/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731448.19
5. Av SUN 7/11/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731477.20
6. Elul TUE 8/10/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731507.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) WED 9/ 8/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731536.16
8. BUL (Marchesvan) FRI 10/ 8/ 28 29 days Jul: 1731566.14
9. Kislev SAB 11/ 6/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731595.12
10. Tebeth MON 12/ 6/ 28 30 days Jul: 1731625.11
11. Shebat WED 1/ 5/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731655.12
12. Adar THR 2/ 3/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731684.14
13. Adar II SAB 3/ 5/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731714.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 18.5 AV: 16.7 AN: 6.5 D: 10.2 PR: -5.4
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 12.8 AV: 10.8 AN: 8.4 D: 2.4 PR: S>M
3. Sivan AL: 20.0 AV: 17.8 AN: 6.0 D: 11.8 PR: -5.5
4. Shoshana AL: 15.9 AV: 13.2 AN: 7.4 D: 5.9 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 11.9 AV: 9.6 AN: 8.7 D: 1.0 PR: S>M
6. Elul AL: 22.1 AV: 16.5 AN: 5.9 D: 10.6 PR: -3.8
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 17.0 AV: 12.9 AN: 7.0 D: 5.9 PR: <7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 24.0 AV: 16.1 AN: 4.7 D: 11.4 PR: -1.1
9. Kislev AL: 16.0 AV: 11.4 AN: 7.3 D: 4.0 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 19.7 AV: 13.8 AN: 6.1 D: 7.7 PR: -5.2
11. Shebat AL: 22.6 AV: 17.5 AN: 5.6 D: 11.9 PR: -0.8 AMBpr
12. Adar AL: 14.4 AV: 11.6 AN: 7.9 D: 3.7 PR: <7
13. Adar II AL: 17.3 AV: 15.4 AN: 6.9 D: 8.5 PR: -6.2
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/16/ 28 UT: 15h:47m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:47m DT: 2.490
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/14/ 28 UT: 16h: 4m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 4m DT: 2.490
3. Sivan 5/14/ 28 UT: 16h:23m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:23m DT: 2.489
4. Shoshana 6/12/ 28 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 2.489
5. Av 7/11/ 28 UT: 16h:44m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:44m DT: 2.489
6. Elul 8/10/ 28 UT: 16h:28m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:28m DT: 2.489
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/ 8/ 28 UT: 15h:56m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:56m DT: 2.488
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/ 8/ 28 UT: 15h:18m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:18m DT: 2.488
9. Kislev 11/ 6/ 28 UT: 14h:49m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:49m DT: 2.488
10. Tebeth 12/ 6/ 28 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.488
11. Shebat 1/ 5/ 29 UT: 14h:52m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:52m DT: 2.487
12. Adar 2/ 3/ 29 UT: 15h:17m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:17m DT: 2.487
13. Adar II 3/ 5/ 29 UT: 15h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:40m DT: 2.487
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 29 17h:11m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 29 3h:22m
The Year is 4169 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/18/ 29 MON
Passover 4/19/ 29 TUE Julday: 1731759
Last High Sabbath 4/25/ 29 MON Julday: 1731765
Pentecost 6/ 8/ 29 WED Julday: 1731809
Trumpets 9/28/ 29 WED Julday: 1731921
Day of Atonement 10/ 7/ 29 FRI Julday: 1731930
Tabernacles 10/12/ 29 WED Julday: 1731935
Last High Sabbath 10/19/ 29 WED Julday: 1731942
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) MON 4/ 4/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731744.17
2. ZIV (Iyyar) TUE 5/ 3/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731773.18
3. Sivan THR 6/ 2/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731803.19
4. Shoshana FRI 7/ 1/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731832.20
5. Av SAB 7/30/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731861.19
6. Elul MON 8/29/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731891.17
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) TUE 9/27/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731920.15
8. BUL (Marchesvan) THR 10/27/ 29 29 days Jul: 1731950.12
9. Kislev FRI 11/25/ 29 30 days Jul: 1731979.11
10. Tebeth SUN 12/25/ 29 29 days Jul: 1732009.11
11. Shebat MON 1/23/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732038.13
12. Adar WED 2/22/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732068.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 20.8 AV: 19.4 AN: 6.8 D: 12.6 PR: -1.8
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 14.3 AV: 13.0 AN: 7.9 D: 5.1 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 20.8 AV: 18.8 AN: 6.8 D: 12.0 PR: -3.2
4. Shoshana AL: 16.4 AV: 14.1 AN: 7.2 D: 6.9 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 12.3 AV: 10.5 AN: 8.6 D: 1.9 PR: <7
6. Elul AL: 21.5 AV: 15.6 AN: 6.4 D: 9.2 PR: -3.4
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 15.9 AV: 11.4 AN: 7.3 D: 4.1 PR: <7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 23.3 AV: 14.1 AN: 5.1 D: 9.0 PR: -3.6
9. Kislev AL: 15.8 AV: 9.8 AN: 7.4 D: 2.4 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 21.3 AV: 14.7 AN: 6.5 D: 8.3 PR: -5.7
11. Shebat AL: 13.8 AV: 10.1 AN: 8.1 D: 2.1 PR: S>M
12. Adar AL: 17.4 AV: 15.3 AN: 6.9 D: 8.5 PR: -6.8
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 4/ 4/ 29 UT: 15h:58m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:58m DT: 2.487
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 5/ 3/ 29 UT: 16h:16m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:16m DT: 2.486
3. Sivan 6/ 2/ 29 UT: 16h:34m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:34m DT: 2.486
4. Shoshana 7/ 1/ 29 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 2.486
5. Av 7/30/ 29 UT: 16h:36m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:36m DT: 2.486
6. Elul 8/29/ 29 UT: 16h: 8m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 8m DT: 2.485
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/27/ 29 UT: 15h:32m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:32m DT: 2.485
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/27/ 29 UT: 14h:58m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:58m DT: 2.485
9. Kislev 11/25/ 29 UT: 14h:39m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:39m DT: 2.485
10. Tebeth 12/25/ 29 UT: 14h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:45m DT: 2.484
11. Shebat 1/23/ 30 UT: 15h: 7m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 7m DT: 2.484
12. Adar 2/22/ 30 UT: 15h:32m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:32m DT: 2.484
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 30 22h:59m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 30 9h:3m
The Year is 4170 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/ 7/ 30 FRI
Passover 4/ 8/ 30 SAB Julday: 1732113
Last High Sabbath 4/14/ 30 FRI Julday: 1732119
Pentecost 5/28/ 30 SUN Julday: 1732163
Trumpets 9/18/ 30 MON Julday: 1732276
Day of Atonement 9/27/ 30 WED Julday: 1732285
Tabernacles 10/ 2/ 30 MON Julday: 1732290
Last High Sabbath 10/ 9/ 30 MON Julday: 1732297
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) FRI 3/24/ 30 29 days Jul: 1732098.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) SAB 4/22/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732127.17
3. Sivan MON 5/22/ 30 29 days Jul: 1732157.19
4. Shoshana TUE 6/20/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732186.20
5. Av THR 7/20/ 30 29 days Jul: 1732216.20
6. Elul FRI 8/18/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732245.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) SUN 9/17/ 30 29 days Jul: 1732275.16
8. BUL (Marchesvan) MON 10/16/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732304.13
9. Kislev WED 11/15/ 30 29 days Jul: 1732334.11
10. Tebeth THR 12/14/ 30 30 days Jul: 1732363.11
11. Shebat SAB 1/13/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732393.12
12. Adar SUN 2/11/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732422.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 20.4 AV: 19.3 AN: 7.1 D: 12.2 PR: -1.9
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 12.9 AV: 12.1 AN: 8.4 D: 3.7 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 17.0 AV: 16.2 AN: 7.0 D: 9.2 PR: <7
4. Shoshana AL: 11.2 AV: 10.6 AN: 8.9 D: 1.6 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 17.8 AV: 15.1 AN: 6.7 D: 8.4 PR: <7
6. Elul AL: 12.7 AV: 10.6 AN: 8.4 D: 2.2 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 20.1 AV: 13.2 AN: 7.3 D: 5.9 PR: -4.7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 14.0 AV: 8.6 AN: 8.0 D: 0.6 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 21.9 AV: 11.9 AN: 6.1 D: 5.8 PR: -7.1
10. Tebeth AL: 15.4 AV: 8.7 AN: 7.5 D: 1.2 PR: S>M
11. Shebat AL: 22.3 AV: 16.9 AN: 5.8 D: 11.1 PR: -5.4
12. Adar AL: 15.3 AV: 12.8 AN: 7.6 D: 5.2 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/24/ 30 UT: 15h:51m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:51m DT: 2.484
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/22/ 30 UT: 16h: 9m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 9m DT: 2.483
3. Sivan 5/22/ 30 UT: 16h:28m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:28m DT: 2.483
4. Shoshana 6/20/ 30 UT: 16h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:42m DT: 2.483
5. Av 7/20/ 30 UT: 16h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:42m DT: 2.483
6. Elul 8/18/ 30 UT: 16h:21m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:21m DT: 2.482
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/17/ 30 UT: 15h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:45m DT: 2.482
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/16/ 30 UT: 15h: 9m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 9m DT: 2.482
9. Kislev 11/15/ 30 UT: 14h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:43m DT: 2.482
10. Tebeth 12/14/ 30 UT: 14h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:40m DT: 2.481
11. Shebat 1/13/ 31 UT: 14h:58m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:58m DT: 2.481
12. Adar 2/11/ 31 UT: 15h:23m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:23m DT: 2.481
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/23/ 31 4h:48m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 31 14h:57m
The Year is 4171 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 3/27/ 31 TUE
Passover 3/28/ 31 WED Julday: 1732467
Last High Sabbath 4/ 3/ 31 TUE Julday: 1732473
Pentecost 5/17/ 31 THR Julday: 1732517
Trumpets 9/ 7/ 31 FRI Julday: 1732630
Day of Atonement 9/16/ 31 SUN Julday: 1732639
Tabernacles 9/21/ 31 FRI Julday: 1732644
Last High Sabbath 9/28/ 31 FRI Julday: 1732651
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) TUE 3/13/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732452.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) WED 4/11/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732481.17
3. Sivan FRI 5/11/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732511.18
4. Shoshana SUN 6/10/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732541.19
5. Av MON 7/ 9/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732570.20
6. Elul WED 8/ 8/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732600.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) THR 9/ 6/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732629.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SAB 10/ 6/ 31 30 days Jul: 1732659.14
9. Kislev MON 11/ 5/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732689.12
10. Tebeth TUE 12/ 4/ 31 29 days Jul: 1732718.11
11. Shebat WED 1/ 2/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732747.12
12. Adar FRI 2/ 1/ 32 29 days Jul: 1732777.14
13. Adar II SAB 3/ 1/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732806.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 19.8 AV: 18.9 AN: 6.0 D: 12.9 PR: -3.6
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 12.5 AV: 12.1 AN: 8.5 D: 3.6 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 16.6 AV: 16.3 AN: 7.1 D: 9.2 PR: <7
4. Shoshana AL: 21.0 AV: 19.9 AN: 6.7 D: 13.2 PR: -0.2 AMBpr
5. Av AL: 14.8 AV: 13.4 AN: 7.7 D: 5.7 PR: <7
6. Elul AL: 19.5 AV: 15.0 AN: 6.2 D: 8.9 PR: -2.6
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 12.9 AV: 9.3 AN: 8.4 D: 0.9 PR: <7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 18.8 AV: 10.1 AN: 6.4 D: 3.7 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 26.3 AV: 12.9 AN: 3.1 D: 9.7 PR: -3.0
10. Tebeth AL: 20.4 AV: 10.8 AN: 7.0 D: 3.8 PR: -9.8
11. Shebat AL: 14.7 AV: 8.9 AN: 7.8 D: 1.1 PR: S>M
12. Adar AL: 22.2 AV: 19.2 AN: 5.9 D: 13.4 PR: -4.7
13. Adar II AL: 15.7 AV: 14.8 AN: 7.4 D: 7.4 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/13/ 31 UT: 15h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:45m DT: 2.481
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/11/ 31 UT: 16h: 2m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 2m DT: 2.480
3. Sivan 5/11/ 31 UT: 16h:20m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:20m DT: 2.480
4. Shoshana 6/10/ 31 UT: 16h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:38m DT: 2.480
5. Av 7/ 9/ 31 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 2.480
6. Elul 8/ 8/ 31 UT: 16h:30m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:30m DT: 2.479
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/ 6/ 31 UT: 15h:59m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:59m DT: 2.479
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/ 6/ 31 UT: 15h:21m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:21m DT: 2.479
9. Kislev 11/ 5/ 31 UT: 14h:50m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:50m DT: 2.479
10. Tebeth 12/ 4/ 31 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.478
11. Shebat 1/ 2/ 32 UT: 14h:49m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:49m DT: 2.478
12. Adar 2/ 1/ 32 UT: 15h:14m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:14m DT: 2.478
13. Adar II 3/ 1/ 32 UT: 15h:37m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:37m DT: 2.478
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 32 10h:35m
Fall Equinox: 9/24/ 32 20h:43m
The Year is 4172 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/14/ 32 MON
Passover 4/15/ 32 TUE Julday: 1732851
Last High Sabbath 4/21/ 32 MON Julday: 1732857
Pentecost 6/ 4/ 32 WED Julday: 1732901
Trumpets 9/26/ 32 FRI Julday: 1733015
Day of Atonement 10/ 5/ 32 SUN Julday: 1733024
Tabernacles 10/10/ 32 FRI Julday: 1733029
Last High Sabbath 10/17/ 32 FRI Julday: 1733036
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) MON 3/31/ 32 29 days Jul: 1732836.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) TUE 4/29/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732865.18
3. Sivan THR 5/29/ 32 29 days Jul: 1732895.19
4. Shoshana FRI 6/27/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732924.20
5. Av SUN 7/27/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732954.19
6. Elul TUE 8/26/ 32 30 days Jul: 1732984.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) THR 9/25/ 32 29 days Jul: 1733014.15
8. BUL (Marchesvan) FRI 10/24/ 32 30 days Jul: 1733043.13
9. Kislev SUN 11/23/ 32 29 days Jul: 1733073.11
10. Tebeth MON 12/22/ 32 29 days Jul: 1733102.11
11. Shebat TUE 1/20/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733131.13
12. Adar THR 2/19/ 33 29 days Jul: 1733161.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 22.0 AV: 21.9 AN: 6.0 D: 15.9 PR: -1.1
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 15.7 AV: 15.6 AN: 7.4 D: 8.2 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 20.9 AV: 20.4 AN: 6.7 D: 13.7 PR: -0.5 AMBpr
4. Shoshana AL: 14.4 AV: 13.7 AN: 7.8 D: 5.8 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 18.0 AV: 14.5 AN: 6.7 D: 7.8 PR: -3.3
6. Elul AL: 21.4 AV: 13.4 AN: 6.4 D: 7.0 PR: -2.4
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 25.5 AV: 12.5 AN: 3.7 D: 8.8 PR: -1.0 AMBpr
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 18.6 AV: 7.7 AN: 6.5 D: 1.3 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 25.0 AV: 12.4 AN: 4.0 D: 8.4 PR: -4.6
10. Tebeth AL: 19.0 AV: 11.6 AN: 6.3 D: 5.3 PR: -10.6
11. Shebat AL: 13.2 AV: 9.8 AN: 8.3 D: 1.5 PR: S>M
12. Adar AL: 21.2 AV: 20.4 AN: 6.5 D: 13.8 PR: -4.7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
. AVIV (Nisan) 3/31/ 32 UT: 15h:56m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:56m DT: 2.477
. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/29/ 32 UT: 16h:13m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:13m DT: 2.477
. Sivan 5/29/ 32 UT: 16h:32m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:32m DT: 2.477
. Shoshana 6/27/ 32 UT: 16h:44m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:44m DT: 2.477
. Av 7/27/ 32 UT: 16h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:38m DT: 2.476
. Elul 8/26/ 32 UT: 16h:12m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:12m DT: 2.476
. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/25/ 32 UT: 15h:34m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:34m DT: 2.476
. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/24/ 32 UT: 15h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 0m DT: 2.476
. Kislev 11/23/ 32 UT: 14h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:40m DT: 2.475
0. Tebeth 12/22/ 32 UT: 14h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:43m DT: 2.475
1. Shebat 1/20/ 33 UT: 15h: 5m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 5m DT: 2.475
2. Adar 2/19/ 33 UT: 15h:30m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:30m DT: 2.475
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 33 16h:22m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 33 2h:22m
The Year is 4173 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/ 3/ 33 FRI
Passover 4/ 4/ 33 SAB Julday: 1733205
Last High Sabbath 4/10/ 33 FRI Julday: 1733211
Pentecost 5/24/ 33 SUN Julday: 1733255
Trumpets 9/15/ 33 TUE Julday: 1733369
Day of Atonement 9/24/ 33 THR Julday: 1733378
Tabernacles 9/29/ 33 TUE Julday: 1733383
Last High Sabbath 10/ 6/ 33 TUE Julday: 1733390
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) FRI 3/20/ 33 29 days Jul: 1733190.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) SAB 4/18/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733219.17
3. Sivan MON 5/18/ 33 29 days Jul: 1733249.18
4. Shoshana TUE 6/16/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733278.20
5. Av THR 7/16/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733308.20
6. Elul SAB 8/15/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733338.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) MON 9/14/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733368.16
8. BUL (Marchesvan) WED 10/14/ 33 29 days Jul: 1733398.13
9. Kislev THR 11/12/ 33 30 days Jul: 1733427.11
10. Tebeth SAB 12/12/ 33 29 days Jul: 1733457.11
11. Shebat SUN 1/10/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733486.12
12. Adar MON 2/ 8/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733515.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 15.8 AV: 15.7 AN: 7.4 D: 8.3 PR: <7
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 10.9 AV: 10.9 AN: 10.0 D: 0.9 PR: S>M
3. Sivan AL: 18.8 AV: 18.7 AN: 6.4 D: 12.3 PR: <7
4. Shoshana AL: 13.3 AV: 13.0 AN: 8.2 D: 4.7 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 17.9 AV: 14.8 AN: 6.7 D: 8.1 PR: -3.8
6. Elul AL: 21.2 AV: 13.3 AN: 6.5 D: 6.8 PR: -2.6
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 23.9 AV: 11.3 AN: 4.7 D: 6.5 PR: -2.1
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 27.0 AV: 11.0 AN: 2.7 D: 8.4 PR: -1.9
9. Kislev AL: 19.4 AV: 7.6 AN: 6.2 D: 1.4 PR: -10.0 AMB
10. Tebeth AL: 24.1 AV: 14.5 AN: 4.6 D: 9.9 PR: -3.7
11. Shebat AL: 17.5 AV: 13.5 AN: 6.8 D: 6.7 PR: <7
12. Adar AL: 11.4 AV: 10.4 AN: 8.9 D: 1.5 PR: S>M
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/20/ 33 UT: 15h:49m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:49m DT: 2.474
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/18/ 33 UT: 16h: 6m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 6m DT: 2.474
3. Sivan 5/18/ 33 UT: 16h:25m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:25m DT: 2.474
4. Shoshana 6/16/ 33 UT: 16h:41m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:41m DT: 2.474
5. Av 7/16/ 33 UT: 16h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:43m DT: 2.473
6. Elul 8/15/ 33 UT: 16h:23m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:23m DT: 2.473
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/14/ 33 UT: 15h:49m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:49m DT: 2.473
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/14/ 33 UT: 15h:11m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:11m DT: 2.473
9. Kislev 11/12/ 33 UT: 14h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:45m DT: 2.472
10. Tebeth 12/12/ 33 UT: 14h:39m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:39m DT: 2.472
11. Shebat 1/10/ 34 UT: 14h:56m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:56m DT: 2.472
12. Adar 2/ 8/ 34 UT: 15h:21m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:21m DT: 2.472
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 34 22h:13m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 34 8h:16m
The Year is 4174 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 3/24/ 34 WED
Passover 3/25/ 34 THR Julday: 1733560
Last High Sabbath 3/31/ 34 WED Julday: 1733566
Pentecost 5/14/ 34 FRI Julday: 1733610
Trumpets 9/ 4/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733723
Day of Atonement 9/13/ 34 MON Julday: 1733732
Tabernacles 9/18/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733737
Last High Sabbath 9/25/ 34 SAB Julday: 1733744
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) WED 3/10/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733545.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) THR 4/ 8/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733574.17
3. Sivan FRI 5/ 7/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733603.18
4. Shoshana SUN 6/ 6/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733633.19
5. Av MON 7/ 5/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733662.20
6. Elul WED 8/ 4/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733692.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) FRI 9/ 3/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733722.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SUN 10/ 3/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733752.14
9. Kislev TUE 11/ 2/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733782.12
10. Tebeth WED 12/ 1/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733811.11
11. Shebat FRI 12/31/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733841.12
12. Adar SAB 1/29/ 35 29 days Jul: 1733870.13
13. Adar II SUN 2/27/ 35 30 days Jul: 1733899.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) WED 3/10/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733545.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) THR 4/ 8/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733574.17
3. Sivan FRI 5/ 7/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733603.18
4. Shoshana SUN 6/ 6/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733633.19
5. Av MON 7/ 5/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733662.20
6. Elul WED 8/ 4/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733692.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) FRI 9/ 3/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733722.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SUN 10/ 3/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733752.14
9. Kislev TUE 11/ 2/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733782.12
10. Tebeth WED 12/ 1/ 34 30 days Jul: 1733811.11
11. Shebat FRI 12/31/ 34 29 days Jul: 1733841.12
12. Adar SAB 1/29/ 35 29 days Jul: 1733870.13
13. Adar II SUN 2/27/ 35 30 days Jul: 1733899.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 20.2 AV: 20.2 AN: 7.2 D: 13.0 PR: <7
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 16.0 AV: 16.0 AN: 7.3 D: 8.6 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 12.2 AV: 12.2 AN: 8.6 D: 3.6 PR: S>M
4. Shoshana AL: 21.0 AV: 20.1 AN: 6.7 D: 13.5 PR: -2.3
5. Av AL: 15.5 AV: 13.5 AN: 7.5 D: 6.0 PR: <7
6. Elul AL: 20.9 AV: 13.3 AN: 6.8 D: 6.5 PR: -3.9
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 24.5 AV: 11.3 AN: 4.3 D: 6.9 PR: -2.3
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 27.0 AV: 10.4 AN: 2.7 D: 7.7 PR: -2.2
9. Kislev AL: 29.1 AV: 12.5 AN: 1.2 D: 11.3 PR: -0.4 AMBpr
10. Tebeth AL: 20.5 AV: 10.6 AN: 7.0 D: 3.7 PR: -7.7
11. Shebat AL: 23.8 AV: 18.5 AN: 4.8 D: 13.7 PR: -0.5 AMBpr
12. Adar AL: 16.7 AV: 15.6 AN: 7.1 D: 8.5 PR: <7
13. Adar II AL: 10.8 AV: 10.8 AN: 10.1 D: 0.7 PR: S>M
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/10/ 34 UT: 15h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:43m DT: 2.471
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/ 8/ 34 UT: 16h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 0m DT: 2.471
3. Sivan 5/ 7/ 34 UT: 16h:18m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:18m DT: 2.471
4. Shoshana 6/ 6/ 34 UT: 16h:37m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:37m DT: 2.471
5. Av 7/ 5/ 34 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 2.470
6. Elul 8/ 4/ 34 UT: 16h:33m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:33m DT: 2.470
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/ 3/ 34 UT: 16h: 3m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 3m DT: 2.470
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/ 3/ 34 UT: 15h:25m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:25m DT: 2.470
9. Kislev 11/ 2/ 34 UT: 14h:52m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:52m DT: 2.469
10. Tebeth 12/ 1/ 34 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.469
11. Shebat 12/31/ 34 UT: 14h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:48m DT: 2.469
12. Adar 1/29/ 35 UT: 15h:12m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:12m DT: 2.469
13. Adar II 2/27/ 35 UT: 15h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:35m DT: 2.468
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/23/ 35 3h:56m
Fall Equinox: 9/25/ 35 14h:3m
The Year is 4175 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 4/12/ 35 TUE
Passover 4/13/ 35 WED Julday: 1733944
Last High Sabbath 4/19/ 35 TUE Julday: 1733950
Pentecost 6/ 2/ 35 THR Julday: 1733994
Trumpets 9/23/ 35 FRI Julday: 1734107
Day of Atonement 10/ 2/ 35 SUN Julday: 1734116
Tabernacles 10/ 7/ 35 FRI Julday: 1734121
Last High Sabbath 10/14/ 35 FRI Julday: 1734128
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) TUE 3/29/ 35 29 days Jul: 1733929.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) WED 4/27/ 35 29 days Jul: 1733958.18
3. Sivan THR 5/26/ 35 30 days Jul: 1733987.19
4. Shoshana SAB 6/25/ 35 29 days Jul: 1734017.20
5. Av SUN 7/24/ 35 30 days Jul: 1734046.19
6. Elul TUE 8/23/ 35 30 days Jul: 1734076.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) THR 9/22/ 35 30 days Jul: 1734106.15
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SAB 10/22/ 35 29 days Jul: 1734136.13
9. Kislev SUN 11/20/ 35 30 days Jul: 1734165.11
10. Tebeth TUE 12/20/ 35 29 days Jul: 1734195.11
11. Shebat WED 1/18/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734224.13
12. Adar FRI 2/17/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734254.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 19.8 AV: 19.8 AN: 6.0 D: 13.7 PR: <7
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 16.2 AV: 16.1 AN: 7.3 D: 8.9 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 12.6 AV: 12.6 AN: 8.5 D: 4.1 PR: S>M
4. Shoshana AL: 22.1 AV: 18.7 AN: 6.0 D: 12.7 PR: -2.5
5. Av AL: 16.8 AV: 11.2 AN: 7.1 D: 4.1 PR: <7
6. Elul AL: 23.3 AV: 10.7 AN: 5.1 D: 5.6 PR: -5.7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 27.6 AV: 10.3 AN: 2.3 D: 8.0 PR: -2.8
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 30.0 AV: 12.2 AN: 0.7 D: 11.5 PR: -0.3 AMBpr
9. Kislev AL: 20.6 AV: 9.8 AN: 6.9 D: 2.9 PR: -7.9
10. Tebeth AL: 22.0 AV: 16.1 AN: 6.0 D: 10.1 PR: -2.1
11. Shebat AL: 13.3 AV: 12.1 AN: 8.2 D: 3.9 PR: <7
12. Adar AL: 17.6 AV: 17.5 AN: 6.8 D: 10.7 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/29/ 35 UT: 15h:54m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:54m DT: 2.468
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/27/ 35 UT: 16h:12m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:12m DT: 2.468
3. Sivan 5/26/ 35 UT: 16h:30m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:30m DT: 2.468
4. Shoshana 6/25/ 35 UT: 16h:44m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:44m DT: 2.467
5. Av 7/24/ 35 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 2.467
6. Elul 8/23/ 35 UT: 16h:16m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:16m DT: 2.467
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/22/ 35 UT: 15h:39m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:39m DT: 2.467
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/22/ 35 UT: 15h: 3m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 3m DT: 2.466
9. Kislev 11/20/ 35 UT: 14h:41m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:41m DT: 2.466
10. Tebeth 12/20/ 35 UT: 14h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:42m DT: 2.466
11. Shebat 1/18/ 36 UT: 15h: 2m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 2m DT: 2.466
12. Adar 2/17/ 36 UT: 15h:28m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:28m DT: 2.465
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/22/ 36 9h:39m
Fall Equinox: 9/24/ 36 19h:53m
The Year is 4176 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Preparation 3/31/ 36 SAB
Passover 4/ 1/ 36 SUN Julday: 1734298
Last High Sabbath 4/ 7/ 36 SAB Julday: 1734304
Pentecost 5/21/ 36 MON Julday: 1734348
Trumpets 9/11/ 36 TUE Julday: 1734461
Day of Atonement 9/20/ 36 THR Julday: 1734470
Tabernacles 9/25/ 36 TUE Julday: 1734475
Last High Sabbath 10/ 2/ 36 TUE Julday: 1734482
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) SAB 3/17/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734283.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) MON 4/16/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734313.17
3. Sivan TUE 5/15/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734342.18
4. Shoshana WED 6/13/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734371.19
5. Av FRI 7/13/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734401.20
6. Elul SAB 8/11/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734430.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) MON 9/10/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734460.16
8. BUL (Marchesvan) WED 10/10/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734490.14
9. Kislev THR 11/ 8/ 36 30 days Jul: 1734519.12
10. Tebeth SAB 12/ 8/ 36 29 days Jul: 1734549.11
11. Shebat SUN 1/ 6/ 37 30 days Jul: 1734578.12
12. Adar TUE 2/ 5/ 37 30 days Jul: 1734608.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 12.0 AV: 11.7 AN: 8.7 D: 3.0 PR: S>M
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 19.9 AV: 19.9 AN: 6.0 D: 13.8 PR: -4.0
3. Sivan AL: 16.0 AV: 15.9 AN: 7.3 D: 8.6 PR: <7
4. Shoshana AL: 12.1 AV: 11.2 AN: 8.6 D: 2.6 PR: S>M
5. Av AL: 22.3 AV: 14.8 AN: 5.8 D: 9.0 PR: -5.1
6. Elul AL: 17.6 AV: 7.7 AN: 6.8 D: 0.9 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 25.0 AV: 8.9 AN: 4.0 D: 4.9 PR: -6.4
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 29.8 AV: 11.7 AN: 0.8 D: 10.9 PR: -1.9
9. Kislev AL: 20.9 AV: 9.4 AN: 6.7 D: 2.7 PR: -8.7
10. Tebeth AL: 22.7 AV: 15.7 AN: 5.5 D: 10.2 PR: -2.0
11. Shebat AL: 13.4 AV: 11.9 AN: 8.2 D: 3.7 PR: <7
12. Adar AL: 16.0 AV: 15.9 AN: 7.3 D: 8.6 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/17/ 36 UT: 15h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:48m DT: 2.465
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/16/ 36 UT: 16h: 5m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 5m DT: 2.465
3. Sivan 5/15/ 36 UT: 16h:24m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:24m DT: 2.465
4. Shoshana 6/13/ 36 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 2.464
5. Av 7/13/ 36 UT: 16h:44m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:44m DT: 2.464
6. Elul 8/11/ 36 UT: 16h:27m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:27m DT: 2.464
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/10/ 36 UT: 15h:53m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:53m DT: 2.464
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/10/ 36 UT: 15h:16m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:16m DT: 2.463
9. Kislev 11/ 8/ 36 UT: 14h:47m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:47m DT: 2.463
10. Tebeth 12/ 8/ 36 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 2.463
11. Shebat 1/ 6/ 37 UT: 14h:53m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:53m DT: 2.463
12. Adar 2/ 5/ 37 UT: 15h:19m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:19m DT: 2.462
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/20/1997 13h:55m
Fall Equinox: 9/22/1997 23h:54m
The Year is 6137 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Passover 3/25/1997 TUE Julday: 2450533
Last High Sabbath 3/31/1997 MON Julday: 2450539
Pentecost 5/14/1997 WED Julday: 2450583
Trumpets 9/ 4/1997 THR Julday: 2450696
Day of Atonement 9/13/1997 SAB Julday: 2450705
Tabernacles 9/18/1997 THR Julday: 2450710
Last High Sabbath 9/25/1997 THR Julday: 2450717
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) MON 3/10/1997 29 days Jul: 2450518.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) TUE 4/ 8/1997 30 days Jul: 2450547.17
3. Sivan THR 5/ 8/1997 29 days Jul: 2450577.18
4. Shoshana FRI 6/ 6/1997 30 days Jul: 2450606.20
5. Av SUN 7/ 6/1997 30 days Jul: 2450636.20
6. Elul TUE 8/ 5/1997 29 days Jul: 2450666.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) WED 9/ 3/1997 30 days Jul: 2450695.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) FRI 10/ 3/1997 29 days Jul: 2450725.14
9. Kislev SAB 11/ 1/1997 30 days Jul: 2450754.12
10. Tebeth MON 12/ 1/1997 29 days Jul: 2450784.11
11. Shebat TUE 12/30/1997 30 days Jul: 2450813.11
12. Adar THR 1/29/1998 29 days Jul: 2450843.13
13. Adar II FRI 2/27/1998 30 days Jul: 2450872.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 21.5 AV: 21.0 AN: 6.3 D: 14.7 PR: -3.5
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 15.8 AV: 14.6 AN: 7.4 D: 7.2 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 23.1 AV: 19.6 AN: 5.3 D: 14.3 PR: -2.3
4. Shoshana AL: 17.2 AV: 11.4 AN: 6.9 D: 4.5 PR: <7
5. Av AL: 21.9 AV: 13.0 AN: 6.1 D: 6.9 PR: -4.7
6. Elul AL: 25.4 AV: 14.5 AN: 3.7 D: 10.8 PR: -0.8 AMBpr
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 17.6 AV: 10.3 AN: 6.8 D: 3.5 PR: <7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 21.1 AV: 14.1 AN: 6.6 D: 7.5 PR: -3.1
9. Kislev AL: 13.7 AV: 11.2 AN: 8.1 D: 3.1 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 18.2 AV: 15.8 AN: 6.6 D: 9.2 PR: -4.0
11. Shebat AL: 11.3 AV: 11.1 AN: 8.9 D: 2.2 PR: <7
12. Adar AL: 17.8 AV: 17.2 AN: 6.7 D: 10.4 PR: <7
13. Adar II AL: 12.0 AV: 11.6 AN: 8.7 D: 2.9 PR: S>M
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/10/1997 UT: 15h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:43m DT: 0.027
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/ 8/1997 UT: 16h: 3m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 3m DT: 0.027
3. Sivan 5/ 8/1997 UT: 16h:24m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:24m DT: 0.028
4. Shoshana 6/ 6/1997 UT: 16h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:42m DT: 0.028
5. Av 7/ 6/1997 UT: 16h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:48m DT: 0.028
6. Elul 8/ 5/1997 UT: 16h:32m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:32m DT: 0.028
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/ 3/1997 UT: 16h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 0m DT: 0.028
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/ 3/1997 UT: 15h:21m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:21m DT: 0.028
9. Kislev 11/ 1/1997 UT: 14h:49m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:49m DT: 0.028
10. Tebeth 12/ 1/1997 UT: 14h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:35m DT: 0.028
11. Shebat 12/30/1997 UT: 14h:44m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:44m DT: 0.028
12. Adar 1/29/1998 UT: 15h:10m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:10m DT: 0.028
13. Adar II 2/27/1998 UT: 15h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:35m DT: 0.028
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/20/1998 19h:54m
Fall Equinox: 9/23/1998 5h:37m
The Year is 6138 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Passover 4/13/1998 MON Julday: 2450917
Last High Sabbath 4/19/1998 SUN Julday: 2450923
Pentecost 6/ 2/1998 TUE Julday: 2450967
Trumpets 9/23/1998 WED Julday: 2451080
Day of Atonement 10/ 2/1998 FRI Julday: 2451089
Tabernacles 10/ 7/1998 WED Julday: 2451094
Last High Sabbath 10/14/1998 WED Julday: 2451101
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) SUN 3/29/1998 29 days Jul: 2450902.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) MON 4/27/1998 30 days Jul: 2450931.18
3. Sivan WED 5/27/1998 29 days Jul: 2450961.19
4. Shoshana THR 6/25/1998 30 days Jul: 2450990.20
5. Av SAB 7/25/1998 29 days Jul: 2451020.20
6. Elul SUN 8/23/1998 30 days Jul: 2451049.18
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) TUE 9/22/1998 29 days Jul: 2451079.15
8. BUL (Marchesvan) WED 10/21/1998 30 days Jul: 2451108.13
9. Kislev FRI 11/20/1998 30 days Jul: 2451138.11
10. Tebeth SUN 12/20/1998 29 days Jul: 2451168.11
11. Shebat MON 1/18/1999 30 days Jul: 2451197.13
12. Adar WED 2/17/1999 29 days Jul: 2451227.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 21.3 AV: 19.9 AN: 6.5 D: 13.4 PR: -4.9
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 16.7 AV: 14.0 AN: 7.1 D: 6.9 PR: <7
3. Sivan AL: 25.2 AV: 19.9 AN: 3.9 D: 16.0 PR: -0.7 AMBpr
4. Shoshana AL: 19.5 AV: 12.7 AN: 6.2 D: 6.5 PR: -8.6
5. Av AL: 25.0 AV: 15.8 AN: 4.0 D: 11.8 PR: -1.1
6. Elul AL: 17.7 AV: 11.1 AN: 6.8 D: 4.4 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 21.2 AV: 14.4 AN: 6.6 D: 7.9 PR: -2.6
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 13.2 AV: 10.8 AN: 8.3 D: 2.5 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 15.6 AV: 13.3 AN: 7.4 D: 5.9 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 18.5 AV: 16.3 AN: 6.5 D: 9.8 PR: -3.4
11. Shebat AL: 10.8 AV: 10.3 AN: 10.1 D: 0.2 PR: S>M
12. Adar AL: 16.8 AV: 15.7 AN: 7.0 D: 8.7 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/29/1998 UT: 15h:56m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:56m DT: 0.028
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/27/1998 UT: 16h:16m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:16m DT: 0.028
3. Sivan 5/27/1998 UT: 16h:36m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:36m DT: 0.028
4. Shoshana 6/25/1998 UT: 16h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:48m DT: 0.028
5. Av 7/25/1998 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 0.028
6. Elul 8/23/1998 UT: 16h:14m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:14m DT: 0.028
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/22/1998 UT: 15h:36m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:36m DT: 0.028
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/21/1998 UT: 15h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 0m DT: 0.028
9. Kislev 11/20/1998 UT: 14h:37m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:37m DT: 0.028
10. Tebeth 12/20/1998 UT: 14h:38m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:38m DT: 0.028
11. Shebat 1/18/1999 UT: 15h: 0m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 0m DT: 0.028
12. Adar 2/17/1999 UT: 15h:26m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:26m DT: 0.028
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/21/1999 1h:43m
Fall Equinox: 9/23/1999 11h:29m
The Year is 6139 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Passover 4/ 2/1999 FRI Julday: 2451271
Last High Sabbath 4/ 8/1999 THR Julday: 2451277
Pentecost 5/22/1999 SAB Julday: 2451321
Trumpets 9/12/1999 SUN Julday: 2451434
Day of Atonement 9/21/1999 TUE Julday: 2451443
Tabernacles 9/26/1999 SUN Julday: 2451448
Last High Sabbath 10/ 3/1999 SUN Julday: 2451455
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) THR 3/18/1999 30 days Jul: 2451256.16
2. ZIV (Iyyar) SAB 4/17/1999 29 days Jul: 2451286.17
3. Sivan SUN 5/16/1999 30 days Jul: 2451315.19
4. Shoshana TUE 6/15/1999 29 days Jul: 2451345.20
5. Av WED 7/14/1999 29 days Jul: 2451374.20
6. Elul THR 8/12/1999 30 days Jul: 2451403.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) SAB 9/11/1999 29 days Jul: 2451433.16
8. BUL (Marchesvan) SUN 10/10/1999 30 days Jul: 2451462.13
9. Kislev TUE 11/ 9/1999 30 days Jul: 2451492.11
10. Tebeth THR 12/ 9/1999 30 days Jul: 2451522.11
11. Shebat SAB 1/ 8/2000 29 days Jul: 2451552.12
12. Adar SUN 2/ 6/2000 30 days Jul: 2451581.14
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 11.6 AV: 10.2 AN: 8.8 D: 1.4 PR: S>M
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 20.9 AV: 18.6 AN: 6.7 D: 11.9 PR: -6.0
3. Sivan AL: 16.8 AV: 13.2 AN: 7.1 D: 6.2 PR: S>M
4. Shoshana AL: 26.2 AV: 20.0 AN: 3.2 D: 16.8 PR: -0.5 AMBpr
5. Av AL: 20.9 AV: 14.4 AN: 6.7 D: 7.7 PR: -6.8
6. Elul AL: 15.1 AV: 10.3 AN: 7.6 D: 2.7 PR: <7
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 20.9 AV: 14.6 AN: 6.8 D: 7.8 PR: -3.3
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 13.4 AV: 10.8 AN: 8.2 D: 2.6 PR: <7
9. Kislev AL: 15.9 AV: 12.9 AN: 7.4 D: 5.5 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 17.5 AV: 14.5 AN: 6.8 D: 7.7 PR: -4.1
11. Shebat AL: 19.7 AV: 17.1 AN: 6.1 D: 11.0 PR: -2.8
12. Adar AL: 11.9 AV: 10.5 AN: 8.7 D: 1.8 PR: S>M
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/18/1999 UT: 15h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:48m DT: 0.028
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/17/1999 UT: 16h: 9m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 9m DT: 0.028
3. Sivan 5/16/1999 UT: 16h:29m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:29m DT: 0.028
4. Shoshana 6/15/1999 UT: 16h:45m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:45m DT: 0.028
5. Av 7/14/1999 UT: 16h:46m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:46m DT: 0.028
6. Elul 8/12/1999 UT: 16h:26m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:26m DT: 0.028
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 9/11/1999 UT: 15h:51m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:51m DT: 0.028
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 10/10/1999 UT: 15h:13m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:13m DT: 0.028
9. Kislev 11/ 9/1999 UT: 14h:43m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:43m DT: 0.028
10. Tebeth 12/ 9/1999 UT: 14h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:35m DT: 0.028
11. Shebat 1/ 8/2000 UT: 14h:51m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:51m DT: 0.028
12. Adar 2/ 6/2000 UT: 15h:17m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:17m DT: 0.028
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Spring Equinox: 3/20/2000 7h:31m
Fall Equinox: 9/22/2000 17h:24m
The Year is 6140 A.M. (Anno Mundi: Year 1 = 4140 B.C.E.).
Passover 3/22/2000 WED Julday: 2451626
Last High Sabbath 3/28/2000 TUE Julday: 2451632
Pentecost 5/11/2000 THR Julday: 2451676
Trumpets 8/31/2000 THR Julday: 2451788
Day of Atonement 9/ 9/2000 SAB Julday: 2451797
Tabernacles 9/14/2000 THR Julday: 2451802
Last High Sabbath 9/21/2000 THR Julday: 2451809
* Feast Days begin on preceeding day at sunset. For example if the
feast is listed as 4/1, then the feast high sabbath begins on 3/31
at sunset and ends on 4/1 at sunset.
* The Julday for the given feast day is listed. This is to enable the
user to measure the number of days between any two feasts. For example
it often happens that the number of days between two feasts about 3 1/2
years apart comes to one of the prophetic time periods mentioned in
the book of Daniel, viz. the 1335, 1290, or 1150 (2300 evening-morning
sacrifices), or the book of Revelation, viz. 1260.
All the New Moons of the Year
1. AVIV (Nisan) TUE 3/ 7/2000 29 days Jul: 2451611.15
2. ZIV (Iyyar) WED 4/ 5/2000 30 days Jul: 2451640.17
3. Sivan FRI 5/ 5/2000 29 days Jul: 2451670.18
4. Shoshana SAB 6/ 3/2000 29 days Jul: 2451699.20
5. Av SUN 7/ 2/2000 30 days Jul: 2451728.20
6. Elul TUE 8/ 1/2000 29 days Jul: 2451758.19
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) WED 8/30/2000 30 days Jul: 2451787.17
8. BUL (Marchesvan) FRI 9/29/2000 29 days Jul: 2451817.14
9. Kislev SAB 10/28/2000 30 days Jul: 2451846.12
10. Tebeth MON 11/27/2000 30 days Jul: 2451876.11
11. Shebat WED 12/27/2000 29 days Jul: 2451906.11
12. Adar THR 1/25/2001 30 days Jul: 2451935.13
13. Adar II SAB 2/24/2001 30 days Jul: 2451965.15
* Months begin at sunset on the day listed (not the day before)
* Months in capital letters are Pre-exilic biblical names
* All other month names are post exilic Hebrew-Babylonian
* I have taken the liberty to replace 'Tammuz' with 'Shoshana'
* since 'Tammuz,' (the the son of Semiramis, who styled herself
* the 'Queen of Heaven,') should not by honoured by a month name.
Astronomical Circumstances of Each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) AL: 17.3 AV: 15.6 AN: 6.9 D: 8.7 PR: <7
2. ZIV (Iyyar) AL: 12.0 AV: 9.8 AN: 8.6 D: 1.1 PR: S>M
3. Sivan AL: 20.3 AV: 17.6 AN: 7.2 D: 10.4 PR: -6.5
4. Shoshana AL: 16.1 AV: 12.7 AN: 7.3 D: 5.4 PR: S>M
5. Av AL: 12.0 AV: 8.7 AN: 8.7 D: 0.0 PR: S>M
6. Elul AL: 21.9 AV: 15.8 AN: 6.1 D: 9.7 PR: -4.8
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) AL: 16.7 AV: 12.5 AN: 7.1 D: 5.4 PR: <7
8. BUL (Marchesvan) AL: 23.2 AV: 16.3 AN: 5.2 D: 11.1 PR: -0.8 AMBpr
9. Kislev AL: 15.4 AV: 12.0 AN: 7.5 D: 4.5 PR: <7
10. Tebeth AL: 18.1 AV: 13.7 AN: 6.6 D: 7.1 PR: -4.6
11. Shebat AL: 20.0 AV: 15.9 AN: 6.0 D: 9.9 PR: -3.2
12. Adar AL: 11.3 AV: 9.2 AN: 8.9 D: 0.3 PR: S>M
13. Adar II AL: 14.3 AV: 12.3 AN: 7.9 D: 4.4 PR: <7
* AL = Arc of Light = Angular distance between sun and moon
* AV = Arc of Vision = Difference between sun and moon altitude
* AN = Arc Needed for Visibility (altitude difference)
* D = AV-AN (AV over or under that needed).
* AMB = Ambiguous (New Moon uncertain when D<2.0 degrees.
* PR = notes on circumstances of previous day
Time Data for Verification Purposes for each New Moon
1. AVIV (Nisan) 3/ 7/2000 UT: 15h:41m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:41m DT: 0.028
2. ZIV (Iyyar) 4/ 5/2000 UT: 16h: 1m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 1m DT: 0.029
3. Sivan 5/ 5/2000 UT: 16h:22m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:22m DT: 0.029
4. Shoshana 6/ 3/2000 UT: 16h:40m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:40m DT: 0.029
5. Av 7/ 2/2000 UT: 16h:48m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:48m DT: 0.029
6. Elul 8/ 1/2000 UT: 16h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h:35m DT: 0.029
7. ETHANIM (Tishri) 8/30/2000 UT: 16h: 5m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 18h: 5m DT: 0.029
8. BUL (Marchesvan) 9/29/2000 UT: 15h:26m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:26m DT: 0.029
9. Kislev 10/28/2000 UT: 14h:53m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:53m DT: 0.029
10. Tebeth 11/27/2000 UT: 14h:35m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:35m DT: 0.029
11. Shebat 12/27/2000 UT: 14h:42m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 16h:42m DT: 0.029
12. Adar 1/25/2001 UT: 15h: 6m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h: 6m DT: 0.029
13. Adar II 2/24/2001 UT: 15h:33m LMT: (UT+2hrs) 17h:33m DT: 0.029
* UT = Universal Time | LMT = Local Mean Time | DT = TDT - UT
* TDT = Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT = DT + UT)
* The time is that of sunset on the stated date at Jerusalem
Sabbatical Year Cycle
Year No. 1. begins: 26 c.e. Ends: 27 c.e.
Year No. 2. begins: 27 c.e. Ends: 28 c.e.
Year No. 3. begins: 28 c.e. Ends: 29 c.e.
Year No. 4. begins: 29 c.e. Ends: 30 c.e.
Year No. 5. begins: 30 c.e. Ends: 31 c.e.
Year No. 6. begins: 31 c.e. Ends: 32 c.e.
Year No. 7. begins: 32 c.e. Ends: 33 c.e. Sabbatical Year
Sabbatical Year Cycle
Year No. 1. begins: 1993 c.e. Ends: 1994 c.e.
Year No. 2. begins: 1994 c.e. Ends: 1995 c.e.
Year No. 3. begins: 1995 c.e. Ends: 1996 c.e.
Year No. 4. begins: 1996 c.e. Ends: 1997 c.e.
Year No. 5. begins: 1997 c.e. Ends: 1998 c.e.
Year No. 6. begins: 1998 c.e. Ends: 1999 c.e.
Year No. 7. begins: 1999 c.e. Ends: 2000 c.e. Sabbatical Year
* The Sabbath Year begins at the feast of trumpets.
* The feast of Trumpets is the new moon day of the 7th
* month.
Year No. 1. begins: 1986 c.e. Ends: 1987 c.e.
Year No. 2. begins: 1987 c.e. Ends: 1988 c.e.
Year No. 3. begins: 1988 c.e. Ends: 1989 c.e.
Year No. 4. begins: 1989 c.e. Ends: 1990 c.e.
Year No. 5. begins: 1990 c.e. Ends: 1991 c.e.
Year No. 6. begins: 1991 c.e. Ends: 1992 c.e.
Year No. 7. begins: 1992 c.e. Ends: 1993 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 8. begins: 1993 c.e. Ends: 1994 c.e.
Year No. 9. begins: 1994 c.e. Ends: 1995 c.e.
Year No. 10. begins: 1995 c.e. Ends: 1996 c.e.
Year No. 11. begins: 1996 c.e. Ends: 1997 c.e.
Year No. 12. begins: 1997 c.e. Ends: 1998 c.e.
Year No. 13. begins: 1998 c.e. Ends: 1999 c.e.
Year No. 14. begins: 1999 c.e. Ends: 2000 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 15. begins: 2000 c.e. Ends: 2001 c.e.
Year No. 16. begins: 2001 c.e. Ends: 2002 c.e.
Year No. 17. begins: 2002 c.e. Ends: 2003 c.e.
Year No. 18. begins: 2003 c.e. Ends: 2004 c.e.
Year No. 19. begins: 2004 c.e. Ends: 2005 c.e.
Year No. 20. begins: 2005 c.e. Ends: 2006 c.e.
Year No. 21. begins: 2006 c.e. Ends: 2007 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 22. begins: 2007 c.e. Ends: 2008 c.e.
Year No. 23. begins: 2008 c.e. Ends: 2009 c.e.
Year No. 24. begins: 2009 c.e. Ends: 2010 c.e.
Year No. 25. begins: 2010 c.e. Ends: 2011 c.e.
Year No. 26. begins: 2011 c.e. Ends: 2012 c.e.
Year No. 27. begins: 2012 c.e. Ends: 2013 c.e.
Year No. 28. begins: 2013 c.e. Ends: 2014 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 29. begins: 2014 c.e. Ends: 2015 c.e.
Year No. 30. begins: 2015 c.e. Ends: 2016 c.e.
Year No. 31. begins: 2016 c.e. Ends: 2017 c.e.
Year No. 32. begins: 2017 c.e. Ends: 2018 c.e.
Year No. 33. begins: 2018 c.e. Ends: 2019 c.e.
Year No. 34. begins: 2019 c.e. Ends: 2020 c.e.
Year No. 35. begins: 2020 c.e. Ends: 2021 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 36. begins: 2021 c.e. Ends: 2022 c.e.
Year No. 37. begins: 2022 c.e. Ends: 2023 c.e.
Year No. 38. begins: 2023 c.e. Ends: 2024 c.e.
Year No. 39. begins: 2024 c.e. Ends: 2025 c.e.
Year No. 40. begins: 2025 c.e. Ends: 2026 c.e.
Year No. 41. begins: 2026 c.e. Ends: 2027 c.e.
Year No. 42. begins: 2027 c.e. Ends: 2028 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 43. begins: 2028 c.e. Ends: 2029 c.e.
Year No. 44. begins: 2029 c.e. Ends: 2030 c.e.
Year No. 45. begins: 2030 c.e. Ends: 2031 c.e.
Year No. 46. begins: 2031 c.e. Ends: 2032 c.e.
Year No. 47. begins: 2032 c.e. Ends: 2033 c.e.
Year No. 48. begins: 2033 c.e. Ends: 2034 c.e.
Year No. 49. begins: 2034 c.e. Ends: 2035 c.e. Sabbath Year
Year No. 50. begins: 2035 c.e. Ends: 2036 c.e. Jubilee Year
* The Jubilee Year begins on the Day of Atonement.
* The Day of Atonement is the 10th day of the 7th
* month.
1. The new moon nearest to the spring equinox is the first month of
the year. The first month will always be either the new moon just before
the spring equinox, or it will be the new moon just after it. In the case
of the new moon before the equinox, there must not be more than 15 days
from the new moon day to the equinox day, i.e. the equinox must fall before
the 16th day of the month. In the case of the new moon after the equinox
there must not be more than 15 days from the equinox to the new moon day.
That is to say, in the case of a tie between the two moons, the new moon
before the equinox is called the first month.
2. In the first century c.e., the day of the new moon was determined
by eyewitness observation. When two witnesses had seen the new moon in the
west, just after sunset, that day, beginning with that sunset, would be
declared the new moon day. The new moon was declared when the new crescent
was first seen in the west after the conjunction. The Sanhedrin's calendar
council, called the Beth Din, was responsible for cross-examining the
witnesses. Jerusalem was the prime location of observation, although the
council would take testimony from witnesses who traveled to Jerusalem in
those cases in which the seeing conditions were not good at Jerusalem. In
no case was the month ever made to be longer than 30 days, or shorter than
29 days. If there was any doubt whatever, due to poor conditions, it was
the practice of the Jewish people to observe two new moon days, and two
feast days for each feast day, in order to be sure of observing the correct
day.
3. This program can be considered an electronic 'eyewitness' which
computes with utmost precision the location of the moon and sun on the day
or days in question, and then it determines if the moon could be seen based
upon two factors (a) the size of the lighted portion of the moon, and (b)
the amount of twilight competing with the cresent just after sunset on the
day or days in question. The mathematical relationships between these two
values can no doubt be improved with continued examination of actual docu-
mented cases in which witnesses have seen the new moon after sunset.
4. The lighted portion of the moon is directly proportional to its dis-
tance from the sun, which is quantified by a value called the 'arc of light'
herein designated as AL. The amount of twilight working against the arc of
light is directly proportional to the length of time the moon stays above
the horizon after sunset. This is quantified by a value called the 'arc of
vision,' herein quantified by AV. When the AV is small visibility of the
new moon is unlikely. When the AL is small, visibility of the moon is not
as likely. It was determinged by a French astronomer named Danjon that if
the arc of light was less than 7 degrees, the moon in no case could be seen.
This is due to the fact that the lunar mountains shade out all light hitting
the moon near the terminator as viewed from the earth. When this condition
occurs on the day preceeding visibility, this program will post PR: < 7.
Many times it happends that even though the arc of light is substantial, the
moon sets before the sun. This condition is posted as S>M, i.e. sun greater
than moon (in altitude) for the day preceeding visibility.
5. The formulae relating the 'arc of vision' and the 'arc of light' are
(1) Arc needed (AN) = -1/4*AL + 12.75 when AL>=7 or AL < 11
(2) AN = -1/3*AL + 12.66 when AL>=11 or AL < 20
(3) AN = -1/2*AL + 17.00 when AL>=20 or AL < 22
(4) AN = -2/3*AL + 20.66 when AL>=22 or AL < 25
(5) AN = always engough when AL>=25
(7) AL < 7 ==> never visible
6. For example if AL = 8, then AN= 10.75. If the AV>= 10.75 or
AV < 12.75, the program will designate the new moon as AMB, i.e. ambiguous.
The AMB designation is placed on any AV that is within 2 degrees of the arc
of vision needed. The day will be listed as the new moon day, however. It
will be clear that the next day is to be observed also as the new moon day.
If the designation is AMBpr, this means the previous day came within one
degree of meeting the formulae's criteria for visibility. In that case the
preceeding day should be observed with the day listed as the new moon day.
7. The arc of light and arc of vision are computed without refraction,
which amounts to about 33'' of arc at sunset. Please take this into account
when using other software to check on this program. The reason for not
computing the atmospheric refraction is that the arc of light is used to
measure the visible portion of the crescent, which is not changed by the
refraction. Refraction will reduce the arc of vision at sunset. Refraction
will increase the arc of vision the nearer the observation time is to moon-
set. This effect of 33'' is within the Ambiguity parameters of the program.
which are two degrees when AV>AN and 1 degree when AV<AN. Improvement's
will need a better theory.