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The 390 Years of Ezekiel                            Seventy Violated Land Sabbaths 
Regnal Year Notation                                  The Accession Year
Thiele's Chronology                                     The Fall Epoch for Kings
 

 

B.C.E	Error	Advance	Event	Reference	Details/backward links
-981.25	±0	.	Rehoboam	.	.
.	.	+17.0	To Abijah	I Kings 14:21	.
-981.25	±0	.	Jeroboam	.	.
.	.	+17.0 (to 18th year)	To Abijah	I Kings 15:1-2	.
.	.	+19.0 (to 20th year)	To Asa (Accession)	I Kings 15:9	.
.	.	+21.5 [22y=21+1p]1	To Nadab	I Kings 14:20	.
-964.25	±0	.	Abijah	.	details
.	.	+3.0	.To Asa	I Kings 15:1-2	.
-961.75	.	.	Asa (Accession)	.	details
.	.	+0.5	.	.	.
.-961.25	±0	.	Asa	.	details
.	.	+41.0	To Jehoshaphat	I Kings 15:10	.
-959.75	.	.	Nadab	.	details
.	.	+1.0 [2y=1p+1p]	.	I Kings 15:25	.
-958.75	±0	.	Baasha	.	details
.	.	+23.0 [24y=1p+22+1p]	.	I Kings 15:33	.
-935.75	±0	.	Elah	.	details
.	.	+0.75 [2y=1p+1p]	.	I Kings 16:8	.
-935.0	±0	.	Zimri	.	.
.	.	+0.02 [7 days]	.	I Kings 16:15	.
-934.98	.	.	Omri	.	details
.	.	+11.23 [12y=1p+10+1p]	.	I Kings 16:23	.
-923.75	.	.	Ahab	.	details
.	.	+21.0 [22y=1p+20+1p]	To Jehoram of Israel	I Kings 16:29	.
-920.75	.	.	Jehoshaphat (Accession)	.	details
.	.	+0.5	.	.	.
-920.25	±0	.	Jehoshaphat	.	Back to Asa/details
.	.	+16.0 (to 17th year)	To Ahaziah of Israel	I Kings 22:51	.
.	.	+17.5 (half way point of his 18th year)	To Jehoram of Israel	II Kings 3:1	.
.	.	+25.0	To Jehoram of Judah	I Kings 22:41-42	.
-904.25	.	pro-rex	Jehoram of Judah	.	Explanation
.	.	+2.0	.	II Kings 1:17	.
-904.25	.	co-rex	Ahaziah of Israel	.	details
.	.	+1.5 [1+1p]	To Jehoram of Israel	.	.
-902.75	.	.	Jehoram of Israel	.	Explanation
.	.	+3.5 (to 5th year)	To Jehoram of Judah	II Kings 8:16-17	.
.	.	+11.0 [12y=1p+10+1p]	To Jehu	II Kings 3:1	.
-899.25	.	co-rex	Jehoram of Judah	.	Explanation
.	.	4.0	To full regency	II Kings 8:16-17	.
-895.25	.	.	Jehoram of Judah	.	Explanation
.	.	+7.4 [8y=7+1p]	To Ahaziah of Judah	II Kings 8:16-17	.
-892.75	.	co-rex	Ahaziah	.	Explanation
.	.	+0.9 [=1p+1p]	To full regency	.	.
-891.85	.	.	Ahaziah of Judah	.	Explanation
.	.	+0.1 [1y=1p]	To Jehu	II Kings 8:25-26	.
-891.75	.	.	Jehu	.	details
.	.	+27.5 [28y=1p+27]	To Jehoahaz	II Kings 9:13-33; 10:36	.
-864.25	.	.	Jehoahaz	.	details
.	.	+17.0	To Jehoash	II Kings 10:35;13:1	.
.-847.25	.	.	Jehoash	.	details
.	.	+15.25 [16y=15+1p]	To Jeroboam II	II Kings 13:10	.
-832.0	.	.	Jeroboam II	.	details
.	.	+25.75 [26y=1p+25] (start of his 27th year)	To Uzziah	II Kings 15:1-2; 14:21	.
-806.25	.	.	Uzziah	.	details
.	.	+52.0	To Jotham	II Kings 15:1-2	.
-754.25	.	.	Jotham	.	details
.	.	+16.0	To Ahaz	II Kings 15:32-33	.
-738.75	.	.	Ahaz (Accession )	.	.
.	.	+0.5	.	.	.
-738.25	.	.	Ahaz	.	details
.	.	+11.0 (start of his 12th year)	To Hoshea	II Kings 17:1	.
-727.25	.	.	Hoshea	.	details
.	.	+8.0 (start of his 9th year)	To start of Hezekiah's 6th year	II Kings 18:10	.
-724.25	.	.	Hezekiah	.	details
.	.	+29.0	To Manasseh	II Kings 18:1-2	.
-719.25	.	.	Start of Hezekiah's 6th Year	.	.
.	.	-5.0 (click link --->)	To start of Hezekiah's 1st Year (-724.25)	.	.
.	.	+24.0	To Manasseh	II Kings 18:1-2	.
-695.25	.	.	Manasseh	.	details
.	.	+55.0	To Amon	II KIngs 21:1	.
-640.25	.	.	Amon	.	details
.	.	+2.0	To Josiah	II Kings 21:18-19	.
-638.25	.	.	Josiah	.	details
.	.	+30.5	To Jehoahaz	II Kings 22:1	.
-607.75	.	.	Jehoahaz	.	details
.	.	+0.25 (3 months)	.To Jehoiakim (accession)	II Kings 23:31	.
-607.5	.	.	Jehoiakim (accession)	.	.
.	.	+0.25	To Jehoiakim	.	.
.-607.25	.	.	Jehoiakim	.	details
.	.	+10.25 [11y=10+1p]	To Jehoiachin	II Kings 23:36	.
-597.00	.	.	Jehoiachin	.	details
.	.	+0.25 (3 months)	To Zedekiah (accession)	II Kings 24:8	.
-596.75	.	.	Zedekiah (accession)	.	.
.	.	+0.5	To Zedekiah	.	.
-596.25	.	.	Zedekiah	.	details
.	.	+10.75 [11y=10+1p]	To Temple Destruction	II Kings 24:18	.
-585.50: 5/10 L.D.	±0	.	Temple Destroyed	Jeremiah 52:12	details

 
 

964.25-961.25 [2] Abijah  I Kings 15:1-2 3y

        Abijah ruled in the 18th year of Jeroboam 3 years.  This cannot be his acccession year.  It must  be his first year, else Rehoboam would have more than his 17 years.

        Judean kings used the accession year system (cf. 630.91).  This partial year belongs to Abijah, hence, Asa did not count it, even though he came to the throne during this year.  Asa reigned in the 20th year of Jeroboam 41 years.

        Nadab ruled in the 2nd year of  Asa 2 years.

        Baasha reigned a part year, 22 whole years, and a part year, for an enumerated total of 24 years,  but an actual length of 23.0 years.  Basha ruled in the 3rd year of Asa 24 years.

         Elah ruled in  the 26th year of Asa 2 years.

        The years 935.00-934.02 are an arbitrarily placed 7 days within the possible range for the sake of neatness.  The possible range is anywhere from the fall before to the fall after, allowing at least a second of time before and after. Zimri ruled in the 27th year of Asa 7 days.

        Ahab reigned in the 38th year of Asa 24 years.

        Jehoshaphat reigned in the 4th year of Ahab 25 years.
 
 

904.25-902.25 [5]     Jehoram  pro-rex II K. 1:17 2y=2.0

        Jehoram of Judah was indeed ruling as pro-rex at this time, because his father [4] was off with Ahab warring against the Syrians, and wanted to secure the transition of regnal power first.  The evidence is in II K. 1:17, which put's the second year of this pro-regency upon the death of  Ahaziah [8], and the accession of Jehoram [9].  A pro-regency occurs when the reigning king  makes his son a co-rex, but later decides to demote his son.  Hence, Jehoshaphat made Jehoram king for two years, but then decided to delay it, probably because Jehoram had married Athaliah [7] in his absence, the daughter of Omri [6].  Athaliah was a wicked woman, who corrupted his son.

        Ahazaih reigned in the 17th year of Jehoshaphat 2 years.

        Jehoram was an Israelite king, hence he would count year 1 the minute he began to reign, by the non-accession method.  He began to reign in the 18th year of Jehoshaphat (II K. 3:1) 12 years, which 18th year was 903.25 to 902.25.  I arbitrarily assign the middle of said 18th year to the beginning of his reign: 902.75.

899.25-895.25 [5] Jehoram co-rex II K. 8:16-17 4y=4.0

        This second coregency is proven by the words "Jehoshaphat still being king of Judah."  It is dated in the 5th year of Jehoram [9].  Since there is no such thing as an accession year in a coregency,  Jehoram's 1st year is the same as Jehoram's 5th year.  This is the longest coregency in the bible, and should be a testimony against those who would shorten Biblical Chronology by lengthening coregencies.  First, every coregency in Scripture is clearly defined by the data.  To change them brings Biblical Chronology down to mere guess work.  Second, is it not more likely that the actual chronology should be longer than the coregencies to be longer!

        Since his father Jehoshaphat [4], died in 895.25, Jehoram's coregency became sole regency. Jehoram's reign is tied to his father's through Jehoram [9].  Sole-regency here means from his father death to his death.  It does not mean only-king, because he associated his son in the last  0.9 year of his life as coregent.  Usually, sole-rex means "only king."

        Jehoram reigned 8 years.

892.75-891.85 [6] Ahaziah co-rex II K. 9:29  =1p+1p=0.9

        Ahaziah began to reign in the 42nd year of Omri's dynasty (II Chron. 22:2), viz. 934.75-892.75 = 42 years.  For "he was a son of 42 years," the word "son" here meaning "descendent," of the dynasty.  His actual age was 22 (II Kings 8:26).  Ahaziah was the son of Jehoram the Judean king, and his mother was Athaliah, who was the daughter of Omri (II Kings 8:25-26), who was the first in the dynasty of Ahab and Jezebel.  Ahaziah reigned in the 11th  year of Jehoram, as coregent, and in the 12th year of Jehoram as coregent.  Hence his regnal years of coregency are 2, but they are not recorded in the Scripture.

891.85-891.75 [6]    Ahaziah sole-rex II K. 8:25-26 1y=1p=0.1

         Ahaziah reigned one year in the 12th year of Jehoram.  His sole-regency was during the 12th regnal year of Jehoram.  Ahaziah did not outlive Jehoram by long, and here I assign him one month for his one year as sole-rex.  Now, by the Judean method, Ahaziah should not count this year as his first regnal year.  It would be his accession year for the sole regency.  But if he was counting from his accession to coregent, it would be his second year.  In any case, it is not clear whether "he reigned one year," means that he counted this year as his first year, or that it was just
one year in absolute time.  The case is ambiguous because his reign could be one year in absolute time (0.9+0.1=1) or very close to it.  The Judean tradition of the accession year system can then be preserved.  On the other hand, Ahaziah's Israelite sympathies are clear due to his patrinage and associations.

        Jehu, being Israelite, expropriated Jehoram's last year as his first;  He killed Ahaziah and Jehoram and took the throne of Israel.  Ahaziah was killed, because he was of the house of Omri, and God had determined to wipe the house of Omri off the face of the earth.  There is no possible coregency here.

        Unlike Jehu, Athaliah's six years did not start till the fall, even though she ruled as soon as Jehu  took slew Ahaziah her son.  The Judean monarch's used the accession system.  Actually,  however, the regnal years of this usurper Queen were ignored, because, II K. 11:4 mentions "the  seventh year", which was evidently the last of her six years, the "seventh year" being refered to  being not hers but the seventh year of Joash's age, the king in hiding.

        Joash reigned in the 7th year of Jehu 40 years.

        Jehoahaz reigned in the 23rd year of Joash 17 years.

        Jehoash reigned in the 37th year of Joash 16 years. The 37th year dates the coregency, but the 16 years date the length sole regency.  See below Amaziah.  This coregency is clearly documented by the synchronism.  Sometimes the years of a coregency are not counted as regnal  years at all.  This is one such case.  Jehoash, thus ruled, but only his Father counted regnal  years.

        Jehoash reigned 16 years.

        Amaziah came to the throne (in the second year of Jehoash's sole regency) after his father Joash  was slain at the untimely age of 46.  Joash thought he was strong, and would live many more  years, but his surperior armies were beaten by a few.  Shorty after, his own servants killed him.  Thereofore, it is unlikely that he associated Amaziah as a coregent.  Furthermore, the norm is that  we assume no coregency unless it is proven to be the case.  Finally, the sabbatic periods will not  allow the deletion of three years at this point in the chronology.  Moreover, only the 16 years of  Jehoash as sole regent were counted.  There are no enumerated regnal years for Jehoash's coregency by which we can link a supposed Amaziah coregency.

         Jereboam II reigned in the 15th year of Amaziah 41 years (II K 14:23).   The 1p year is his  first year.  1p+25 = 26 regnal years, which brings us to the start of the 27th regnal year.

832-791.25 [13] Jeroboam II complete reign 41y=1p+40=40.75

        Uzziah began to reign in the 27th year of Jeroboam II 52 years, which would be Uzziah's first  year, there being no accession year, as Uzziah came to the throne after an interregum, because  he was too young upon the death of Amaziah.  The 27th year of Jeroboam II begins 25 years from  the beginning of his 2nd year (25+2=27), viz. 831.25 - 25.0 = 806.25.

        Zechariah reigned in the 38th year of Uzziah 6 months.

        Shallum reigned in the 39th  year of Uzziah 1 month.

        Here, the Israelites have finally adopted the accession year system, which is clearly evident from
the dating in terms of Uzziah's reign.  Menachem reigned in the 39th year of Uzziah 10 years.

        Pekahiah reinged in the 50th year of Uzziah 2 years.

        Pekah, a captain, killed Pekahiah in the 52nd year of Uzziah and reigned 20 years.

        Uzziah contracted leprosy, and so his son ruled with him.

        Jotham ruled in the 2nd year of Pekah 16 years

    Ahaz reigned in the 17th year of Pekah 16 years.  Ahaz's accession year was 738.75-738.25, and his first year was 738.25-737.25.

        Hoshea ruled, but he was not king, as no regnal years are recorded for his governorship.  The text only says that he "ruled in his place."  The conspiracy dates from the 20th year of Jotham, which we are to suppose is the 20th year counting his coregency also, however, it did not come to fruition until 735.25, which marks Pekah's last regnal year.  Thefore, the text should be punctuated, "And Hoshea, the son of Elah, was making a conspiracy against Pekah, the son of Remaliah, (and so he struck him down, and he slew him, and ruled in his place,) in the twentieth  year of Jotham, son of Uzziah."

        Hoshea became king in the 12th year of Ahaz, and ruled 9 years.  The 12th year of Ahaz begins 11 years from the beginning of his 1st year (11+1=12), viz. 738.25 - 11.0 = 727.25.
 

    Hezekiah became king in the 3rd year Hoshea.  The Third year of Hoshea was from 725.25 to 724.25 (9/12/725 b.c.e.), but the first year of Hezekiah was 724.25 (9/12/725 b.c.e.), to 723.25.  Hence, the 3rd year of Hosea and the first year of Hezekiah overlap by one day.  This is because the northern kingdom and the southern kingdom saw the new moon on two different days.  The  north saw it on 9/13, and the south on 9/12.  Astronomy shows that the case is ambiguous.  Without this synchronism no reconcilliation of the facts is possible.  For the fall to fall regnal year  is well established, and it would have to be rejected in this case. Fortunately, astronomy comes to the rescue!  Ahaz was still king, but he was either incompetent or ignored.

        The 29 years of Hezekiah include his coregency with Ahaz.  (29 = 1.25 + 27.75).  The only other example of this is Jehoram.

        The use of the accession year system, whereby the new king does not count the last year  of the old king for himself, is evident in Judah.  The non-accession system followed Egyptian tradition, and the accession year system followed Assyrian and Babylonian tradition.  We are told that Asa ruled in the 20th year of Jereboam, but that Nadab succeeded Jereboam in the latter's  22nd year, and in the 2nd year of Asa.  Hence the second year of Asa was the 22nd year of Jereboam; the first year of Asa was the 21st year of Jereboam, and the 20th year of Jereboam,  therefore, had to be Asa's accession year.   If this was not the case, we would be required to "emmed the text" and say that Nadab came to the throne in Asa's 3rd year.  "Emmending," or changing the text, however, would be a faithless act, since this chronology is wholly consistent already without having to resort to that trick.

        Proof of this is found in the chronology of Solomon's building of the temple.  He began in his 4th year in the 2nd month (I K. 6:1), and finished in the 11th year in the 8th month (I K. 6:38),  and the project took 7 years (I K. 6:38).  If the regnal year were reckoned from Aviv [Nisan], then it  would be 8 years, not 7.  Therefore, it was a fall (Tishri) epoch.  Aditional proof is found in the reign of Josiah.  The book of the law was found in his 18th year before the first month (II Kings 22:3; II Chron. 35:1; II Chron. 35:19), then he kept the Passover, and then the 18th year is again mentioned.  Hence, the epoch is fall to fall.

        The prevailing chronological theory in Christian circles is that of Edwin R. Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965).  It has taken over just about every scholarly work in the field.  Unlike this chronology, Thiele's cannot explain every statement in the Scripture in a non contradictory fashion.  For example, Thiele's chronology puts Hoshea on the throne of Israel in the 3rd year of Ahaz, instead of the biblically correct 12th year. Also, only by posisting a coregency of 14 years for Hezekiah can Thiele explain the beginning of  Hezekiah's reign in the 3rd year of Hoshea.
        If that is not fatal, then his coregency of Pekah during the reigns of Menahem and Pekahiah is.  For Pekah was not the son of Menahem or Pekahiah!  How, then can he be a coregent!?  Furthermore, Pekah killed Pekahiah, and the text says he was "a captain of his" (II Kings 15:25).  And, why would a mere captain have a coregency spanning the reigns of his two  predecessors?
        Then we have the matter of Thiele's 23 year coregency between Amaziah and Uzziah. The mere suggestion of such a long coregency is immoral.  The longest provable coregency in  the Bible is just 4 years!  Or how about the 11 year coregency of Jehoash and Jereboam II? Every time a legitimate coregency occurs in the Scripture, the writer puts in sufficient information  to document it using the standard assumptions.  For example, unless proven otherwise, the years of a reign are as sole rex.   By ignoring this norm, Thiele manages to reduce Biblical chronology to   relative guesswork.  That's not the kind of thing God intended when he put all those numbers in the Scripture.  Any careful chronologer will be careful not to let an exception to a rule ruin his presentation of chronology.  And God is a careful chronologer.
           And why all this tampering?  Thiele needs to reduce the Biblical chronology by 51 years to match his interpretation of Assyrian Chronology for the battle of Qarqar (853) [shd. be 903/904 b.c.e.], and to slide Hezekiah's reign toward 715 to match Sennacherib's later invasion of 701,  rather than his campaigne for Ashdod in 712-711 as ruling crown prince of the Assyrian Empire.   Why does Assyrian history not account for the missing 51 years in the limmu lists?  I suspect for  the same reason that it does not tell us about how Ninevah, the Assyrian capital, repented at the  preaching of Jonah.  No doubt the use of the the limmu (eponymate) was suspended.  For that  repentent generation would shun the idolatry involved in inaugurating a limmu.  Either that, or the  priest scribes of the later Empire, simply blotted out the fact that an entire generation repented. For if the repentent generation did use a eponymate, they would have at least rid themselves of  the idolatrous surnames, and left a record to bear witness to the fact.
        The current limmu list is fixed by a single total exclipse of the sun on 15 June, 763 b.c.e.,  visible at Nineveh, but the missing 51 years is before this event, so the eclipse confirms nothing  other than the accuracy of the limmu list after that point.
 

        The Chronology is confirmed by Ezekiel's 390 years of sin for Israel (Ezek. 4:5), during the time that God let them be oppressed, and during the time of wicked rulers.  All the kings of  Israel were wicked from the sin of Jereboam on until Hezekiah's reformation.

 Cushan                8          [1571.25]-[1563.25]
 Eglon                 18          [1523.25]-[1505.25]
 Jabin                  20          [1425.25]-[1405.25]
 Midian                  7          [1365.25]-[1358.25]
 Abimelech           3          [1318.25]-[1315.25]
 Amon                 18          [1292.25]-[1274.25]
 Philistines         40          [1243.25]-[1203.25]
 Philistines         21          [1163.25]-[1142.25]
 kings of Israel  255         [978.25]-[723.25]

 SUM                 390

        Rehoboam walked as David 3 years (II Chron. 11:17), viz. [981.25]-[978.25], and then both Judah and Israel sucumbed to the sins of Jereboam.  The criteria for the years of sin is that the majority of the nation must be in sin.  This did not take place until 3 years after the division of the kingdom.
        The sin of Israel ends with its repentence at the Passover of Hezekiah (II Chron. 29-31) in [723.75].  The 390 years of Ezekial 4:5 is therefore computed by counting the 1/2 year as a whole year.
 

        The Chronology is also confirmed by the 40 years of sin in Ezek. 4:6 for Judah:

 Manasseh                        23              [695.25]-[672.25]
 Amon                                  2              [640.25]-[638.25]
 Josiah                              11.5            [638.25]-[626.75]
 Jehoahaz-Jehoiakim       3.5            [607.75]-[604.25]

 SUM                                 40

         Manasseh repented and was restored to the throne through God by the hand of Esarhaddon in [672.25].  David L. Cooper cites George Smith:
 

        Ephraim [was] broken after 65 years from [the] prophecy of 738 B.C. (Isa. 7:8).  Esar-haddon transported immigrants from Babylonia and Elam to Samaria (Ezra 4:2-9).  [The] King of Assyria took Manasseh to Babylon (II Chron. 23:11-13).  The Lord providentially had [the] latter restored to his throne.  "In this was, B.C. 673-672, Esar-haddon carried the remnant of Israel into captivity,  and sent Manasseh king of Judah, to Babylon.  In the following year, B.C. 671 [673], Manasseh was pardoned and restored" (George Smith) (David L. Cooper, Messiah: His First Coming Scheduled, pg. 295).

        The periods of sin given above  also contain exactly 70 land Sabbaths that  were not kept, upon which the 70 years of the Babylonian exile are based.  The table gives the moment beginning each broken land Sabbath:

 Cushan, 8 yr 2                       Eglon, 18 yr 3
 1. 1571.25                              3.   [1522.25]
 2. 1564.25                              4.   [1515.25]
                                                  5.   [1508.25]

 Jabin, 20 yr 3                         Midian, 7 yr 1
 6. [1424.25]                            9. [1361.25]
 7. [1417.25]
 8. [1410.25]

 Ammon, 18 yr 3                     Philistines I, 40 yr 6
 10. [1291.25]                         13. [1242.25]
 11. [1284.25]                         14. [1235.25]
 12. [1277.25]                         15. [1228.25]
                                                 16. [1221.25]
                                                 17. [1214.25]
                                                 18. [1207.25]

 Philistines II, 21 yr 4
 19. [1158.25]
 20. [1151.25]
 21. [1150.25]
 22. [1144.25]

 Israel, 255 yr 42                             Manasseh,  23 y  r 3
  23. [976.25]                                     65. [689.25]
  24. [969.25]                                     66. [682.25]
  25. [962.25]                                     67. [675.25]
 26. [955.25]
 27. [954.25]                                     Amon,  2 yr 1
 28. [948.25]                                      68. [640.25]
 29. [941.25]
 30. [934.25]                                     Josiah,  11.5 y  r 1
 31. [927.25]                                      69. [633.25]
 32. [920.25]
 33. [913.25]                                     Jehoiakim,  3.5 y  r 1
 34. [906.25]                                     70. [605.25]
 35. [905.25]
 36. [899.25]
 37. [892.25]     38. [885.25]
 39. [878.25]     40. [871.25]
 41. [864.25]     42. [857.25]
 43. [856.25]     44. [850.25]
 45. [843.25]     46. [836.25]
 47. [829.25]     48. [822.25]
 49. [815.25]     50. [808.25]
 51. [807.25]     52. [801.25]
 53. [794.25]     54. [787.25]
 55. [780.25]     56. [773.25]
 57. [766.25]     58. [759.25]
 59. [758.25]     60. [752.25]
 61. [745.25]     62. [738.25]
 63. [731.25]     64. [724.25]
 
         The years in bold type are Jubilee land Sabbaths, and the years in plain face are regular
sabbatical years.  The exile began in [604.25] b.c.e.

934.75-930.75 [6]     Omri half-regency Tibni half-regency           =1p+3+ 1p=4.23
930.75-934.75 [6]     Omri sole-rex                                                =1p+6+1p=7.0
934.75-923.75 [6]     Omri full reign                                          12y=1p+10+1p=11.23

        Omri began to reign in the 31st year of Asa de facto over Tibni's half (I Kings 16:23), which is only
6 years.  The other six years the usurper Tibni ruled over the other half of Israel (I K. 16:21).  So the statement that "Omri began to reign over Israel" applies to Tibni's half.  His half, he ruled for  12 years de facto, but the regnal years of the usurper Tibni are awarded de jure to Omri, so that  Omri gets credit for ruling all Israel for 12 years.  Omri reigned in Tirzah 6 years, and then he moved the capital to Samaria.

 

B.C.E	Error	Advance	Event	Reference	Details/backward links
.	.	+11.0 (start of his 12th year)	To Hoshea	II Kings 17:1	.
-727.25	.	.	Hoshea	.	.
.	.	+8.0 (start of his 9th year)	To start of Hezekiah's 6th year	II Kings 18:10	.
-724.25	.	.	Hezekiah	.	.
.	.	+29.0	To Manasseh	II Kings 18:1-2	.
-719.25	.	.	Start of Hezekiah's 6th Year	.	.
.	.	-5.0	To start of Hezekiah's 1st Year (-724.25)	.	.

L.D. stands for "Lunar Date" in the Biblical Calendar.  For example in -585.5 b.c.e. (586 b.c.e.) there is a lunar date of 5/10 for the destruction of the Temple.  That is the 10th day of the 5th month, i.e. the 10th of Av.